When the coated side faces a lighted room, some of the light reflects and some goes into a dark room behind the mirror, making it possible to see into the lighted room but not out. The law of reflection says that when a ray of light hits a surface, it bounces in a certain way, like a tennis ball thrown against a wall. Two concave mirrors are placed on same principal axis. Image formation in a concave mirror place an object before a concave mirror for each of the following object positions shown below and obtain its image. Keep in mind that for an object to be considered a lens it must be made of a transparent material that has an index of refraction higher than air. Geometric optics converging lenses and mirrors physics lab iv objective in this set of lab exercises, the basic properties geometric optics concerning converging lenses and mirrors will be explored.
Biconvex glass lens, spherical concave mirror, meter ruler, optical bench, lens holder, selfilluminated object generally a vertical arrow, screen. In the two situations shown, the mirrors have the same focal lengths, and the object distance from the mirror to the arrow is the same. This type of image is called a virtual image, because light waves do not actually pass through that point, it only appears so. Jun 16, 2016 in this video i will introduce the objects, focal points, images of the converging and diverging lenses, and concave and convex mirrors. The intersection of at least two reflected rays give the correct position of image of the point object. In both cases, the object distance is less than the focal distance. Objectives mirrors o distinguish between concave and convex mirrors. Biconvex glass lens, spherical concave mirror, meter ruler, optical bench, lens holder, self.
Convex mirror whose outer surface is reflecting,it forms virtual image and is used to get magnified image,while concave mirror whose inner surface is reflecting,it forms real and virtual images and its is used to get small images. This property has put mirrors and lenses in use for centuries. The development of zeldovichs ideas on the cosmological impact of particle theory is discussed in the context of cosmoparticle physics, studying fundamental relationship of macro. The purpose of this lab is to introduce students to some of the properties of thin lenses and mirrors. Ray hits the vertex of mirror 1 and reflects with same angle. Or should it be a plus sign for mirrors and minus for lenses. Ray 3 passes straight through the center of the lens. Optics exam2 and problem solutions physics tutorials. Lenses remembering the basics of mirrors puts you half ways towards fully understanding lenses as well. Homework resources in mirrors and lenses physics science.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. App file and enter the values for the object and image distances. You may be familiar with simple lenses and how they form images. Reflection from spherical mirrors kindle education. The same sort of rules apply, just with a few modifications. Similarly, the convex mirror and concave lens diverge the light at the focal point. Lenses in optics applications types of lenses physics. Most mirrors used commercially are made of glass, with the rear surface silvered and then coated with a layer of paint or lacquer for protection. Real image is formed when the light reconvenes and always inverted i. For plane flat mirrors, light is reflected according to the law of reflection.
The lens of your eye or a camera collects and focuses light and forms an image on retina or a piece of film or digital detector. The three types of images formed by mirrors cases 1, 2, and 3 are exactly analogous to those formed by lenses, as summarized in the table at the end of image formation by lenses. Note that the focal point is in front of the mirror for concave, and behind it for convex, mirrors. Section summary the characteristics of an image formed by a flat mirror are. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. One of the easiest shapes to analyze is the spherical mirror. Mirrors, which have curved surfaces designed to reflect rays, also form images. Depending on the position of the object, the nature of image may vary, i. It is proven in introductory physics textbooks1 that the image and. Typically such a mirror is not a complete sphere, but a spherical cap a piece sliced from a larger imaginary sphere with a single cut. Analysis of the geometry in ray diagrams for spherical curved mirrors and thin concave and convex lenses give us a relationship between the position. Spherical mirrors summary the physics hypertextbook. Should that not be a minus sign on the left hand side. Unscramble the shaded letters to find the name of the man who placed a mirror on the moon so that scientists can measure its distance from the earth.
In this video i will introduce the objects, focal points, images of the converging and diverging lenses, and concave and convex mirrors. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as xrays, microwaves. Plane mirrors science and mathematics education research group supported by ubc teaching and learning enhancement fund 20122014 department of curriculum and pedagogy a place of mind f a c u l t y o f e d u c a t i o n. When light falls on a highly polished surface like a mirror most of the light is sent back into the same medium. The primary goals are to understand the relationship between image distance, object distance, and image scale. Two types of image formed by mirrors are real image and virtual image. Physics mirrors are where light can be reflected and reconvened to form images. Sells, elementary classical physics allyn and bacon, boston, 1973, second edition, vol. You can skip questions if you would like and come back. This is a zipped folder containing a pdf and an editable version of each of the following. There is a similarity between the concave mirror and convex lens that is, in both a concave mirror as well as a convex lens the light converges at the focal point. Two different types of mirror are concave and convex mirror with different properties.
Ordinary mirrors reflect light over a broad range of frequencies, but a new mirror design can reflect a single frequency while allowing all others through. Lenses lenses refract light in such a way that an image of the light source is formed. Convex mirrors a convex mirroris a mirror that curves outwards. We shall confine our discussion in this chapter to such lenses.
As of 2010, mirrors and lenses are so prevalent that most people use them every day, regardless of whether or not they consciously perceive the use. Types of mirrors figure 1 shows the three types of mirrors we will consider. If the object and image are the same distance from the mirror and magnification is 1, then as the object approaches the mirror at a certain speed, the image is approaching the plane mirror at the same speed, therefore you approach the image more. These mirrors are made by coating one side of a sheet of glass with a very thin, very lightly reflective material. Lenses and mirrors, ap physics 2 flashcards quizlet. There are two types of lenses, and they each change the perspective of how things look. Mirrors and lenses are used to produce the image of whatever placed in front of it. When the eyes receive these light waves, it looks as if the waves are diverging from behind the mirror, making it appear as if the object is behind the mirror as well. Rays of light parallel to the principal axis after reflection from a concave mirror meet at a point converge on the principal axis. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics.
What are the differences between real and virtual images. The incoming angle, called the angle of incidence, is always equal to the angle leaving the surface, or the angle of reflection. Choose your answers to the questions and click next to see the next set of questions. Drawing the ray diagrams is an ideal way to illustrate the formation of images by spherical mirrors. Ray, coming from first mirror turns back with same path after reflecting from second mirror. A mirror is usually of a glass or a metal, but a lens is of glass or plastic. With a converging lens, paraxial rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge to the focal point, f. The goal of the experiment is to be able to analyze ray diagrams so as to determine fundamental properties of image formation. The terms concave and convex are from the perspective of the object.
Lenses and mirrors a lens is a transparent device with two curved surfaces, usually made of glass or plastic, that uses refraction to form an image of an object. Apr 24, 2016 there are two types of spherical mirrors. This metamirror, an array of subwavelength pieces of shaped metal embedded in a transparent medium, can also be made to reflect light in a chosen direction or focus it like a curved. Convex mirrors also reflect light rays to form an image, but they do so in an opposite way to concave mirrors. The purpose of the lab is to test the predictions made by the ray diagrams and thin lens equations for real images produced by a converging lens and mirror. Note the location, orientation upright or inverted, relative size larger or smaller than object.
Mirrors and lenses physics science homework resources. In order to understand mirrors, we first must understand light. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. In this trivia questions quiz, you will get to learn some more about the different lenses and mirrors and how they differ from each other. Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Just how much do you know about the different types of lenses and mirrors. The image distance for a plane mirror is always equal to the object distance because the magnification is 1. Pdf optical images due to lenses and mirrors researchgate. Objects inside focal length of curved mirrorsimage distance in the two situations shown, the mirrors have the same focal lengths, and the object distance from the mirror to the arrow is the same.
Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p download book. The same strategies are valid for mirrors as for lenses with one qualificationuse the ray tracing rules for mirrors listed earlier in this section. Use raytracing techniques to locate images formed by thin lenses. When light hits a surface at a low angle like on a lake at. It is easiest to concentrate on only three types of imagesthen remember that concave mirrors act like convex lenses, whereas convex mirrors act like concave lenses. Difference between mirror and lens with comparison chart. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. All of them are segments of spheres centered on a horizontal axis. The focal length, f, is the distance between f and the lens. Youngs doubleslit diffraction experiment for light and some laser tricks, too doc physics duration. Mirrors and lenses both have the ability to reflect or refract light. Apply the thinlens equation and the mirror equation to determine the focal length of a converging lens and mirror.
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